Key Copyright Law Rulings
in Canada
The Canadian judiciary and Copyright Board upheld the
rights of consumers in several key decisions recently, although
Canadian law-makers vow to change the law in order to punish consumers
for P2P file-sharing.
March 31, 2004: CRIA
(Canadian Recording Industry) and Jane Doe (et al) (PDF file)
The
court refuses to force Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to hand over
customer names to CRIA in
response to a complaint. The CRIA accused 29 P2P users (using the
Morpheus and Grokster software) of sharing copyrighted files, but
failed to provide enough substance to their allegations for the court
to allow the privacy of the users to be violated. Ottawa Justice Konrad
von Finckenstein ruled that
companies seeking to violate the privacy of ISP users must have more
sustantial evidence of wrong doing than was presented.
The Court affirmed that downloading a song for personal use does not
amount to infringement under Canadian copyright law. Judge von
Finckenstein ruled that setting up the facilities that allow copying
does not amount to authorizing infringement. "I cannot see a real
difference between a library that places a photocopy machine in a room
full of copyrighted material and a computer user that places a personal
copy on a shared directory linked to a P2P service. In either
case the preconditions to copying and infringement are set up but the
element of authorization is missing." Under Canadian copyright
law, "the mere fact of placing a copy on a shared directory in a
computer
where that copy can be accessed via a P2P service does not amount to
distribution," Justice von Finckenstein explained. See also
Canadian
Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic legal filing that urges
the court to protect the privacy rights of consumers and argues that
file-sharing is not copyright infringement. And see the
legal filing from
Electronic Frontier Canada that argues for protection of consumers'
privacy and due process rights in the face of recording industry
allegations.
In response to Judge von Finckenstein's ruling, the Canadian Heritage
and Industry Ministries announced plans to draft an amendment to
Canada's copyright act that would make P2P file-sharing illegal.
Canadian
Heritage Minister Helene Scherrer has stated that her agency "will make
it a priority so it is done as quickly as possible." Legal Expert
Howard Knopf of the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Internet Clinic
severely criticized Minister Scherrer's stance: "It strikes me that the
minister's first job is to defend the interests of the public and not
the music industry. It's a multibillion-dollar industry and
hardly needs assistance." See Keith
Damsell,
"Minister
vows to fight music file swapping," The Globe and
Mail (CA), 13 April 2004, page B5.
March 4, 2004: CCH
Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada (HTML file)
A
decision supporting the legality of copying of library materials in
Canada for research purposes. The court ruled that a library providing
a photocopier did not expose the library to copyright infringement
suits. Further, making individual copies of legal documents was a use
covered by "Fair Dealing". Chief Justice McLachlin said, "a
person does not authorize infringement by authorizing the mere use of
equipment that could be used to infringe copyright." See
also "Canadian
Ruling Clarifies Copyright Law" in London Free Press, April 10,
2004.
December 12, 2003:
Canadian Copyright Board decision on
Copying for Private Use (PDF
file)
A decision by the Copyright Board regarding the
tariff placed on all blank CD-R discs sold in Canada. This tax is
administered by the Canadian Private Copying Collective (CPCC) and
ranges from $0.21CDN per CD-R to $0.77CDN for CD-R audio discs and mini
discs. The hearing was regarding an increase in the tax, and adding
both blank DVD-Rs and removable memory cards to the list of items being
taxed. The hearing reinforces the rights of Canadians to make
duplicates of media for private use if they are using tariffed media.
The Board chose not to increase tariff rates at this hearing.
Downloading a song for personal use does not amount to infringement
because a tax is paid on the media that stores the file.
See Related:
Status
Report on Canadian Copyright Reform Process
Candian
Heritage Society Copyright Policy Branch
Canadian
Heritage Study on Technical Protection Measures
Candian Internet
Policy and Public Interest Clinic on P2P Lawsuits
Canadian Copyright
Act
House
of Commons Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage