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Key Copyright Law Rulings in Canada

The Canadian judiciary and Copyright Board upheld the rights of consumers in several key decisions recently, although Canadian law-makers vow to change the law in order to punish consumers for P2P file-sharing.

March 31, 2004: CRIA (Canadian Recording Industry) and Jane Doe (et al) (PDF file)

The court refuses to force Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to hand over customer names to CRIA in response to a complaint. The CRIA accused 29 P2P users (using the Morpheus and Grokster software) of sharing copyrighted files, but failed to provide enough substance to their allegations for the court to allow the privacy of the users to be violated. Ottawa Justice Konrad von Finckenstein ruled that companies seeking to violate the privacy of ISP users must have more sustantial evidence of wrong doing than was presented. 

The Court affirmed that downloading a song for personal use does not amount to infringement under Canadian copyright law.  Judge von Finckenstein ruled that setting up the facilities that allow copying does not amount to authorizing infringement.  "I cannot see a real difference between a library that places a photocopy machine in a room full of copyrighted material and a computer user that places a personal copy on a shared directory linked to a P2P service.  In either case the preconditions to copying and infringement are set up but the element of authorization is missing."  Under Canadian copyright law, "the mere fact of placing a copy on a shared directory in a computer where that copy can be accessed via a P2P service does not amount to distribution," Justice von Finckenstein explained.  See also Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic legal filing that urges the court to protect the privacy rights of consumers and argues that file-sharing is not copyright infringement.  And see the legal filing from Electronic Frontier Canada that argues for protection of consumers' privacy and due process rights in the face of recording industry allegations.

In response to Judge von Finckenstein's ruling, the Canadian Heritage and Industry Ministries announced plans to draft an amendment to Canada's copyright act that would make P2P file-sharing illegal.  Canadian Heritage Minister Helene Scherrer has stated that her agency "will make it a priority so it is done as quickly as possible."  Legal Expert Howard Knopf of the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Internet Clinic severely criticized Minister Scherrer's stance: "It strikes me that the minister's first job is to defend the interests of the public and not the music industry.  It's a multibillion-dollar industry and hardly needs assistance."  See Keith Damsell, "Minister vows to fight music file swapping," The Globe and Mail (CA), 13 April 2004, page B5.

March 4, 2004: CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada (HTML file)

A decision supporting the legality of copying of library materials in Canada for research purposes. The court ruled that a library providing a photocopier did not expose the library to copyright infringement suits. Further, making individual copies of legal documents was a use covered by "Fair Dealing".  Chief Justice McLachlin said, "a person does not authorize infringement by authorizing the mere use of equipment that could be used to infringe copyright."   See also "Canadian Ruling Clarifies Copyright Law" in London Free Press, April 10, 2004.

December 12, 2003: Canadian Copyright Board decision on Copying for Private Use (PDF file)

A decision by the Copyright Board regarding the tariff placed on all blank CD-R discs sold in Canada. This tax is administered by the Canadian Private Copying Collective (CPCC) and ranges from $0.21CDN per CD-R to $0.77CDN for CD-R audio discs and mini discs. The hearing was regarding an increase in the tax, and adding both blank DVD-Rs and removable memory cards to the list of items being taxed. The hearing reinforces the rights of Canadians to make duplicates of media for private use if they are using tariffed media. The Board chose not to increase tariff rates at this hearing.  Downloading a song for personal use does not amount to infringement because a tax is paid on the media that stores the file.

See Related:

Status Report on Canadian Copyright Reform Process

Candian Heritage Society Copyright Policy Branch

Canadian Heritage Study on Technical Protection Measures

Candian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic on P2P Lawsuits

Canadian Copyright Act

House of Commons Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage

Read the Principles of IP Justice and Sign-on!
1. We reserve the right to control our individual experience of intellectual property.
2. Creators deserve to be compensated.
3. We reserve our right to make private copies of lawfully acquired intellectual property.
4. Technology and information that enable the exercise of rights should be lawful.
5. "Copy Rights" come with "Copy Responsibilities."

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